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Fertilizer industries mainly dumped phosphogypsum in bulk as large stacks which possess serious environmental and health risks mainly due to fluoride and heavy metals pollution Until date very limited percentage of global phosphogypsum production has been managed mainly as soil conditioner or sulfur fertilizer for agriculture [ 16 17 ]
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Phosphogypsum is a by product of the chemical reaction called the wet process whereby sulfuric acid is reacted with phosphate rock to produce the phosphoric acid needed for fertilizer production There are approximately five tons of phosphogypsum produced for every ton of phosphoric acid produced
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According to Petitioners phosphogypsum contains toxic constituents and an analysis of the 11 factors shows that the waste is capable of posing substantial hazards and must be listed as a toxic waste Petitioners state that process wastewater exhibits the characteristics of corrosivity and toxicity satisfying the criteria for designation as a
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Phosphogypsum is contaminated by chemical and radioactive materials and therefore in the world is mostly dumped in stockpiled in controlled areas and only about 15% is recycled mostly as setting time retarder and in some construction elements Tayibi et al 2024 Yang et al 2024
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The pond where the leak was found is in a stack of phosphogypsum a radioactive waste product from the manufacture of fertiliser Contents 1 Why is Florida s water water column but decades of fertilizer manure and sewage runoff have boosted phosphorus and nitrogen levels making toxic algae grow out of control and poisoning Florida s
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The Piney Point fertilizer plant opened in Manatee County in 1966 and was abandoned in 2024 Since then various stakeholders have failed to agree on a solution to safely drain the property s toxic phosphogypsum stacks the congressman s office noted Phosphogypsum is a radioactive waste byproduct of the fertilizer manufacturing
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The phosphoric acid production in the world generates a large amount of phosphogypsum with the emission of toxic acid fluorine gas into the atmosphere which forms a significant source of environmental contamination In this work a novel and a simple procedure allows converting phosphogypsum waste by using hydrofluoric acid and sodium fluoride into valuable products The obtained results
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include but are not limited to bauxite mine residues phosphogypsum incinerator ash metallurgy slags acid mine drainage and industrial and municipal wastewaters metal ions might be toxic to the microorganism It is important to note that oxalic acid is not an ideal lixiviant since it is known to form insoluble complexes with REEs [39
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In addition to high concentrations of radioactive materials phosphogypsum and processed wastewater can also contain carcinogens and heavy toxic metals like antimony arsenic barium cadmium chromium copper fluoride lead mercury nickel silver sulfur thallium and zinc
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Is phosphogypsum toxic In addition to radioactive materials phosphogypsum and process wastewater can also contain carcinogens and toxic heavy metals like antimony ar senic barium cadmium chromium copper fluoride lead mercury nickel silver sulfur thal lium and zinc
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In general phosphogypsum contains approximately 80% 95% calcium sulfate dihydrate and less than 5% toxic and harmful elements In this paper toxic and hazardous components
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A wastewater leak at a former fertilizer plant south of Tampa has local and national officials scrambling to contain it and environmentalists once again sounding the alarm about phosphogypsum stacks or gyp stacks most of which are located in The shuttered Piney Point phosphogypsum plant located across 77 acres in Manatee County and owned by HRK Holdings holds 300 million
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Phosphogypsum is described by the Petition as radioactive toxic waste created during wet process phosphoric acid production The rate of production is stated to be tons for every ton of
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The data show that the phosphogypsum stockpiles are not hazardous toxic waste as defined by EPA criteria Trace elements and radium are not leached from the phosphogypsum stockpiles Absorption of trace elements and radium by phosphogypsum is the major reason for their not being leached
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Phosphogypsum PG is a metal and radionuclide rich waste produced by the phosphate ore industry which has been used as soil fertilizer in many parts of the world for several decades The positive effects of PG in ameliorating some soil properties and increasing crop yields are well documented
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Phosphogypsum Poses Substantial Hazards to Human Health and the Environment Concentration of Toxic Constituents in Phosphogypsum Migration Potential Persistence Degradation Potential and Rate of Degradation Bioaccumulation Plausible Improper Management Phosphogypsum stacks and stack expansions are built in sinkhole prone areas atop
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The high temperature in the kilns can effectively remove toxic substances and avoid harm to the environment In 2024 it assisted in the treatment of about 70 000 tons of solid waste generated from paper industry waste municipal sludge waste limestone powder drilling cuttings etc and 292 000 tons of phosphogypsum were used in the first
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In addition to high concentrations of radioactive materials phosphogypsum and processed wastewater can also contain carcinogens and heavy toxic metals like antimony arsenic barium cadmium chromium copper fluoride lead mercury nickel silver sulfur thallium and zinc
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The industry calls these toxic waste dumps gypstacks This is short for phosphogypsum stacks The phosphogypsum is a powdery substance similar to chalk and very similar to gypsum in general use today for building materials including drywall gypsum board and roadbeds or any latent formed building materials
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Phosphogypsum is a byproduct material of phosphate fertilizer production It is regulated for the presence of radium 226 a naturally occurring radioactive substance that produces radon gas a hazardous air pollutant The Clean Air Act requires the disposal of phosphogypsum in stacks except for limited agricultural and research uses
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World production of this waste exceeds 200 million tonnes per year PG discharged into the sea watercourses or in wilderness stocks contains toxic elements harmful to ecosystems and human health including heavy metals and radionuclides and there is therefore a concern regarding environmental impacts
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Phosphogypsum contains toxic constituents Phosphogypsum leachate contains the following toxic constituents listed in Appendix VIII to 40 § 261 arsenic lead nickel cadmium chromium
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The data show that the phosphogypsum stockpiles are not hazardous toxic waste as defined by EPA criteria Trace elements and radium are not leached from the phosphogypsum stockpiles Absorption of trace elements and radium by phosphogypsum is the major reason for their not being leached
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Phosphogypsum PG is the calcium sulfate hydrate formed as a by product of the production of fertilizer from phosphate is mainly composed of gypsum CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O Although gypsum is a widely used material in the construction industry phosphogypsum is usually not used but is stored indefinitely because of its weak radioactivity caused by the presence of naturally occurring
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Mining and mineral processing facilities generate more toxic and hazardous waste than any other industrial sector based on EPA s Toxic Release Inventory If not properly managed these facilities pose a high risk to human health and the environment Since 2024 EPA has been investigating a total of 20 phosphoric acid facilities in seven states
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the Toxic Substances Control Act because they pose a substantial hazard and unreasonable risk of injury to human health and the environment WHAT IS PHOSPHOGYPSUM Phosphogypsum is the radioactive waste from processing phosphate ore into phosphoric acid which is predominantly used in fertilizer In addition to radioactive materials phosphogypsum
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Phosphogypsum is a radioactive waste product that forms when phosphate ore is processed into fertiliser The material emits the radioactive gas radon and contains trace amounts of uranium
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Fertilizer is a lucrative business but for every ton of phosphoric acid produced approximately 5 tons of phosphogypsum are too The waste can contain substances that are dangerous to
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Phosphogypsum is produced as a by product waste in the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers from Apatite and phosphorite It is used in agriculture as ameliorant and fertilizer and in the manufacture of building materials and products Phosphogypsum composition and formula The application and use in agriculture
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As a result of the chemical reaction two products are formed phosphoric acid and gypsum which due to the specific contamination is known as phosphogypsum The phosphoric acid is mainly used for production of mineral fertilizers Nowadays 90% of the amount of phosphoric acid is produced using wet method [ 1 2 ]
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